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Ferrocene CAS 102-54-5 is an organic transition metal compound with aromatic properties, also known as dicyclopentadienyl iron and dicyclopentadienyl iron. Its molecular structure contains a divalent iron cation and two cyclopentadienyl anions. Ferrocene also is the raw material for producing ferrocene formic acid.
In the 1950s, humans first reacted cyclopentadienyl magnesium bromide with anhydrous ferric chloride to produce Ferrocene. Ferrocene is an orange yellow needle shaped crystal and powder at room temperature, with a camphor like odor. It belongs to non-polar compounds and is easily soluble in various organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ether, petroleum ether, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, dichloromethane, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. Due to the high polarity of ethanol. It is usually best to dissolve it in toluene.
The molecules of Ferrocene exhibit polarity, high thermal stability, chemical stability, and radiation resistance, making it widely used in industries such as industry, agriculture, medicine, aerospace, energy conservation, and environmental protection.
Main application introduction, such as:
(1) Energy saving smoke suppressant and anti explosion agent used as fuel. For example, it is used to produce gasoline anti knock agents, combustion rate catalysts for rocket propellants, and solid fuels for aerospace.
(2) Used as a catalyst. If used in the production of synthetic ammonia catalysts, as a curing agent for silicone resin and rubber, it can prevent the degradation effect of polyethylene on light. When used in agricultural film, it can naturally degrade and crack within a certain period of time, without affecting cultivation and fertilization.
(3) Used as a gasoline anti knock agent. It can replace the toxic tetraethyl lead in gasoline as an antiknock agent to produce high-grade lead-free gasoline, in order to eliminate the pollution of fuel emissions on the environment and the toxicity to human health.
(4) Used as a radiation absorber, thermal stabilizer, light stabilizer, and smoke suppressant.
(5) In terms of chemical properties, ferrocene is similar to aromatic compounds and is not prone to addition reactions. It is prone to electrophilic substitution reactions and can undergo reactions such as metalization, acylation, alkylation, sulfonation, formylation, and ligand exchange, thereby preparing a series of widely used derivatives.
Fuel oil burns extremely quickly in the combustion chamber of a spark ignition internal combustion engine in automobiles. Incomplete combustion intermediates or unburned fuel are discharged, leading to a decrease in fuel utilization and the production of a large amount of harmful gases and unburned intermediates, causing pollution to the environment.
In order to save energy and reduce emissions, ferrocene can be added to fuel oil as an additive. Adding ferrocene to fuel can improve the combustion efficiency of fuel in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, thereby increasing the mileage of a car under the same conditions and reducing the emission of harmful substances. Ferrocene has been widely used as a fuel additive.
The main function of ferrocene in gasoline is to reduce incomplete combustion of fuel, thereby reducing carbon deposition and harmful substances in exhaust emissions, saving fuel, eliminating black smoke, significantly reducing pollution, and improving the environment.
Adding 0.1% ferrocene to automotive diesel can save fuel oil by 10-14% and reduce exhaust smoke by 30-80 ‰. In addition, adding 0.3 ‰ ferrocene to heavy oil and 0.2% ferrocene to coal can both reduce fuel consumption and reduce smoke by 30%. In addition, the addition of ferrocene can also increase the octane number of gasoline and improve the anti knock combustion performance of fuel.
Ferrocene derivatives play an important role in catalytic reactions. For example, ferrocene based catalysts can catalyze asymmetric synthesis reactions to obtain chiral compounds. This catalyst is typically composed of ferrocene derivatives containing chiral ligands and transition metals. By regulating the structure of ligands, the selectivity and efficiency of catalytic reactions can be regulated. In addition, ferrocene derivatives can also catalyze cross coupling reactions of halogenated hydrocarbons to synthesize organic small molecule compounds.
Ferrocene derivatives have broad application prospects in the biomedical field. For example, ferrocene derivatives can serve as carriers for anti-tumor drugs, and by modifying the ferrocene structure, drugs can be targeted and delivered to tumor cells, improving the therapeutic effect of drugs. In addition, ferrocene derivatives can also be used for disease diagnosis, achieving detection and imaging of disease markers by binding with specific biomolecules.
Ferrocene derivatives also play an important role in the field of materials. For example, ferrocene derivatives can be used as coating additives to improve the weather and corrosion resistance of coatings. In addition, ferrocene derivatives can also be used to prepare sensor materials, achieving rapid detection and measurement of target molecules through interactions with them. In addition, ferrocene derivatives can also be used to prepare electronic materials, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Ferrocene derivatives can be used as positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, improving their cycling stability and capacity. In addition, ferrocene derivatives can also be used as optoelectronic conversion materials, achieving the utilization of solar energy by absorbing light energy and converting it into electricity.
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